La Storia di Apple dal 1976 al 2001

Anno

Le cose di Apple

Quelle degli altri

1976
• Steve Wozniak works for Hewlett-Packard
• Steve Jobs works for Atari.
• Apple Computer incorporated on April 1.
• Apple I introduced for $666.66.
• Shugart introduces 5.25" floppy.
• BYTE magazine begins.
• Micro-soft is one year old.

1977
• Apple moves out of Steve Jobs' garage.
• Apple II introduced with 4 KB RAM in April for $1,298.
• Apple logo designed.
• TRS-80 introduced by Tandy.
• Commodore PET introduced.
• CP/M marketed by Digital Research.

1978
• Apple moves into new corporate headquarters.
• Apple introduces 5.25" floppy drive.
• Apple licenses BASIC from Microsoft.
• Microsoft SoftCard lets Apple II use CP/M.
• Intel releases 16-bit 8086 CPU.

1979
• Apple II Plus introduced with 48 KB RAM for $1,195.
• Apple targets education market
• VisiCalc spreadsheet makes personal computer (especially Apple II) a business tool.

1980
• Apple III introduced in September at $3,495.
• Apple goes public with 4.6 million shares, largest offering since Ford Motor in 1956.
• Apple has over 1,000 employees.
• One million personal computers in U.S.
• Novell announces networking software.

1981
• First Apple layoff affects 40 employees.
• Apple introduces ProFile, 5 MB hard drive for Apple III.
• Over 300,000 Apple II users.
• Apple has over 2,500 employees.
• IBM PC introduced on August 12 with 4.77 MHz 8088 CPU and 16 KB RAM. (Floppy drive and video card optional.)
• MS-DOS introduced.
• Osborne introduces first portable computer.

1982
• Apple stops flow of illegal clones.
• AppleCare introduced.
• Intel introduces 80286 CPU.
• Time magazine calls 1982 "The Year of the Computer."

1983
• Lisa introduced in January with 5 MHz 68000 CPU, 860k 5.25" floppy, 12" b&w screen, detached keyboard, and mouse for $9,995.
• Apple IIe introduced in January at $1,395.
• John Sculley becomes Apple's president and CEO in April.
• Apple enters Fortune 500 at #411.
• One-millionth Apple II produced.
• Apple III+ introduced in December at $2,995.
• Ten million personal computers in U.S.
• Lotus 1-2-3 introduced, quickly displaces VisiCalc as spreadsheet of choice.
• Microsoft Word introduced.

1984
• Legendary 1984 ad appears during Super Bowl.
• 128K (1/84-4/86) introduced at $2,495 with 128 KB RAM, 400 KB floppy, built in monitor.
• Macintosh System 1.0 (Jan.).
• Macintosh System 1.1 (May) introduces fonts and Font Mover.
• Apple introduces 300 bps and 1200 bps modems.
• Apple IIc introduced at $1,295.
• 512K (8/84-4/86) introduced at $3,195 with 512 KB RAM, built in monitor.
•Lisa 2 introduced with 400k 3.5" floppy and 10 MB optional hard drive.
• 2,000,000 Apple IIs in existence.
More in Macintosh History: 1984
• 3.5" floppy drives introduced.
• IBM PC/AT uses 6 MHz 80286 CPU, 256 KB RAM, HD 1.2 MB floppy, 16-bit bus. $4,000. Compare with features and price of Mac 128K and 512K to the left.
The Macintosh

1985
• Lisa 2 w/10 MB hard drive renamed Macintosh XL. All other Lisa models discontinued.
• Macintosh System 2.0 (April) introduces New Folder command and viewing by small icon or as a list.
• LaserWriter introduced at $6,999.
• Steve Wozniak leaves Apple in February.
• 1,200 employees dropped in June reorganization.
• Steve Jobs leaves Apple in September, eventually starts NeXT.
• 500,000 Macs in use.
More in Macintosh History: 1985
• Microsoft ships Windows.
• Intel introduces 80386 CPU.
• Aldus PageMaker ships.

1986
• Plus (1/86-10/90), first SCSI Mac, introduced at $2,599.
• Macintosh System 3.0 (Jan.) introduces disk cache and HFS, which allows nested folders.
• Macintosh System 3.1 (Feb.) is buggy.
• Macintosh System 3.2 (June) fixes bugs in 3.1.
• LaserWriter Plus introduced at $6,798.
• 512Ke (4/86-8/86) introduced at $1,999.
• Apple IIGS introduced in September at $999.
• Japanese and Arabic versions of MacOS introduced.
More in Macintosh History: 1986
• Steve Jobs founds NeXT.
• SCSI standard accepted by ANSI.
• Compaq ships first 80386-based PC.
• Microsoft goes public.
Mac Plus

1987
• Macintosh System 3.3 (Jan.) prepares Mac OS for networking and AppleShare.
• Macintosh System 4.0 (March) has improved Chooser and Control Panel.
• March 17. One-millionth Mac produced.
• AppleShare file server software introduced.
• SE (3/87-10/90) introduced at $2,898 with two 800 KB floppy drives.
• II (3/87-1/90), first 68020-based Mac , introduced at $3,898 (1 MB RAM, 800 KB floppy) and $5,498 (w/40 MB internal hard drive).
• Macintosh System 4.1 (April) supports Mac II, requires 1 MB RAM to function.
• April. creates an independent software company known as Claris.
• HyperCard introduced in August.
• Macintosh System 4.2 (Oct.), a.k.a. System Software 5.0, introduces background printing, DA Handler, and MultiFinder.
• Macintosh System Software 5.1 (Nov.) updates HD SC setup and LaserWriter drivers.
More in Macintosh History: 1987
• IBM and Microsoft release OS/2.
• August 11. Microsoft ships Windows 1.01.
• First fax boards for PCs.
• Sun introduces first RISC CPU.

1988
• LaserWriter II series introduced in January.
• Apple ships A/UX (Apple Unix) for Mac II in February.
• Apple introduces CD-ROM player in March.
• IIx (10/88-10/90), first 68030-based Mac, introduced in September at $7,769.
• FDHD (SuperDrive, high-density floppy drive) introduced with IIx and SE 2/40 configuration.
• System 6.0 introduced.
• Apple IIc+ introduced in September at $1,099.
More in Macintosh History: 1988
• 30,000,000 MS-DOS users.
• January. Microsoft ships Windows 2.03.
• Virus infects 6,000 computers on Internet.
• October. First NeXT released, the NeXT Cube.
NeXT Cube

1989
• SE/30 (1/89-10/91) introduced in January at $4,369.
• Two-page and portrait b&w monitors introduced in March.
• IIcx (3/89-3/91) introduced at $5,369.
• 32-bit QuickDraw introduced in April.
• SuperDrive made standard in Macs in August.
• IIci (9/89-2/93), first 32-bit clean Mac, introduced.
• Portable (9/89-10/91), first portable Mac, introduced.
More in Macintosh History: 1989
• Fifty-four million personal computers in U.S.
• Intel ships 80486 CPU.
• September 18. NeXT introduces NeXTstep OS.

1990
• Michael Spindler becomes Chief Operating Officer in January, President in November.
• Apple extends warranty for U.S. hardware to one year in March.
• IIfx (3/90-4/92) introduced.
• Classic (10/90-9/92) introduced.
• IIsi (10/90-3/93) introduced.
• LC (11/90-3/92) introduced.
More in Macintosh History: 1990
• May. Microsoft ships Windows 3.0.
• First PCs with 80486 CPU ship.
Macintosh LC

1991
• System 7.0 introduced in May for $99.
• QuickTime introduced in May.
• OneScanner and 21" color monitor introduced in September.
• Classic II (10/91-9/93)
• Quadra 700 (10/91-3/93) and 900 (10/91-5/92), first 68040 Macs, introduced.
• PowerBook 100 (10/91-8/92) replaces Portable.
• PowerBook 140 (10/91-8/92) and 170 (10/91-10/92) introduced.
More in Macintosh History: 1991

1992
• System 7.1 introduced.
• LC II (3/92-3/93) replaces LC.
• Quadra 950 (5/92- ) replaces 900.
• PowerBook 145 (8/92-6/93) introduced.
• Performa 200 (9/92-4/93), 400-430 (9/92-4/93), and 600 (9/92-10/93) introduced.
• Apple ships 2x CD-ROM drive.
• IIvx (10/92-10/93) and IIvi (10/92-2/93) introduced.
• PowerBook 160 (10/92-8/93) and 180 (10/92-5/94) introduced.
• Duo 210 (10/92-10/93) and 230 (10/92-6/94) introduced.
More in Macintosh History: 1992
• Microsoft ships Windows 3.1.
• NeXT releases NeXTstep 3.0 and NeXTstep 486.

1993
• LC III (2/93-2/94) introduced.
• Color Classic (2/93-5/94) introduced.
• Centris 610 (2/93-10/93) and 650 (2/93-10/93) introduced.
• Quadra 800 (2/93-3/94) introduced.
• PowerBook 165c (2/93-12/93) introduced.
• Apple ships ten-millionth Mac in February.
• Apple introduces Workgroup Server 60, 80, and 95 in March (based on Quadra 610, 800, and 950, respectively).
• LC 520 (6/93-2/94) introduced.
• PowerBook 145b (6/93-7/94) replaces 145.
• PowerBook 180c (6/93-2/94) introduced with active-matrix color screen.
• Michael Spindler becomes CEO in June.
• Centris 660av (7/93-9/94) and Quadra 840av (7/93-4/94) introduced.
• PowerBook 165 (8/93-7/94) replaces 160.
• First Newton ships in August.
• System 7 Pro ships in October.
• Performa 460 (10/93-2/94) introduced.
• Macintosh TV (10/93-3/94) introduced.
• Quadra 610 (10/93-7/94) replaces Centris 610.
• Quadra 650 (10/93-9/94) replaces Centris 650.
• Quadra 605 (10/93-10/94) introduced.
• Duo 250 (10/93-5/94) and 270c (10/93-5/94) introduced.
• Apple II line discontinued in November.
More in Macintosh History: 1993
• Motorola introduces PowerPC CPU.
• March. Intel introduces Pentium CPU (with undetected math bug).
• Over 25,000,000 licensed Windows users.
• NeXT releases NeXTstep for Intel.
Color Classic

1994

The
Mac
is
10!

• 610 DOS compatible (2/94- ) introduced.
• LC 550 (2/94-3/94) and 575 (2/94-4/95) introduced.
• Power Macintosh line introduced in March with 6100/60, 7100/66, and 8100/80.
• Workgroup Server 6150, 8150, and 9150 introduced in April (based on 6100, 8100, and 9100, respectively).
• Duo 280 (5/94-11/94) and 280c (5/94-1/96) replace 270.
• PowerBook 520 (5/94-6/95), 520c (5/94-9/95), 540 (5/94-10/94), and 540c (5/94-8/95) replace 165 and 180.
• System 7.5 introduced in June.
• Quadra 630 (6/94-8/95) introduced.
• PowerBook 150 (7/94-10/95) replaces 145b.
• Performa 6100 line introduced in September, first Power PC Performas.
• Apple announces intent to support Macclones in September, licenses Radius and Power Computing.
• Power Macintosh 8100/110 introduced in November.
• 6100 DOS Compatible introduced in November.
More in Macintosh History: 1994
• Flaw discovered in Intel's Pentium CPU, resulting in huge recall.
500 Series

Asia Only
• Color Classic II (dates unknown)
• PowerBook 550c (dates unknown)

1995
• One-millionth Power Mac ships.
• 6100/66, 7100/80, and 8100/100 replace slower versions in January.
• 5200/75 introduced in April.
• Power Computing introduces its first Macclone, the Power 100.
• June. First PCI Mac, the 9500/120
• Apple introduces 4x CD-ROM drive.
• LC 580 (4/95-8/95) introduced.
• PowerBook 190 (5/95-4/96) and 190cs (5/95-9/96) replace 520 and 540.
• August: Power Mac 7500 and 8500
• PowerBook 5300, first PowerBook with PowerPC.
More in Macintosh History: 1995
• World Wide Web enters our language.
• Microsoft introduces Windows 95.
• November. Intel introduces Pentium Pro CPU.

1996
• Last 680X0-based Mac discontinued.
• August. Apple kills Copland project.
• October. Apple releases System 7.5.5.
• December: Apple buys NeXT.
More in Macintosh History: 1996

1997
• January. Mac OS 7.6 ships for most 68030-based and all later Macs.
• January 26. Steve Jobs becomes an advisor at Apple Computer.
• July. Mac OS 8 ships for all 68040-based and later Macs.
• BeOS ships for most 603- and 604-based Macs and clones.
• Apple buys Mac OS license back from Power Computing.
• September 16. Steve Jobs becomes interim CEO (for life).
• Motorola, IBM pull out of Mac OS market.
• Apple pulls the plug on CHRP designs.
• November 10. Apple ships Power Macintosh G3 and PowerBook G3.
More in Macintosh History: 1997
• BeOS port to Intel underway.
• 56k modems take the industry by storm.
• Cable modems and Web TV introduced.
• May. Intel ships Pentium II CPU.
• June. Intel ships Pentium MMX CPU.

1998
• February. Apple phases out Newton.
• Mac OS 8.1 ships.
• May. Apple announces PowerBook G3 Series.
• June. UMAX pulls out of Mac OS market.
• August 15. iMac introduced, largest model rollout in the industry.
• August 31. Apple discontinues support for all 68000- and 68020-based Macs, and most 86030-based models.
• August to November: iMac top selling U.S. computer, sells 800,000 units during 1998
• Apple has first year with four profitable quarters since 1985.
• October 17. Mac OS 8.5 ships, first Mac OS release with no 680X0 support.
More in Macintosh History: 1998
• April. Intel introduces Celeron CPU.
• June. Windows 98 ships.
• June. Intel introduces Pentium II Xeon CPU.
The iMac

1999

The
Mac
is
15!

• January 4: iMac 266 introduced.
• January 4: Power Mac G3(a.k.a. G3 Pro, Blue & White G3, B&W G3, Blue G3, Yosemite) introduced at 300, 350, 400 MHz.
• January 24: The Macintosh is 15 years old.
• March: Mac OS X Server ships
• April: iMac 333 ships.
• April: Mac OS 8.6 ships.
• June: PowerBook G3 Series (a.k.a. Lombard, PB G3 Bronze Keyboard) ships at 333, 400 MHz.
• June: Power Mac G3 reaches 450 MHz.
• July 21: iBook announced with September release.
• August 31: Power Mac G4/400 available, 450 MHz model followed in September.
• Late September: iBook reaches dealers.
• October 13: Apple scales base G4 back to 350 MHz with no price drop. G4/500 projected for first quarter 2000.
• December 1: Apple replaces G4/350 with model using "Sawtooth" motherboard.
More in Macintosh History: 1999
• Intel introduces Pentium III CPU.
• AMD roars past Intel with Athlon CPU, which reaches 800 MHz by year-end.

2000
• 2:16: iBook Special Edition announced
• 2:16: "Pismo" PowerBook announced
• 7:19: Power Mac G4 Cube announced, ships in August
• 7:19: Power Macintosh G4 MP announced, first dual-processor Macs announced since 1996, ship in August
• July 19: New iMac lineup announced including 350, 400, 450, and 500 MHz models, new colors
• OS X delayed to 2001, beta available Sept. 13
More in Macintosh History: 2000
• AMD roars past Intel with Athlon CPU, which reaches 1 GHz
• Intel catches up with 1 GHz Pentium III CPU
• Microsoft releases Window Me (Millennium Edition)

2001
• 1:09 Power Mac G4 moves to 133 MHz system bus, PowerPC 7410 and 7450 processors, reaches 733 MHz
• 1:09 PowerBook G4 announced Jan. 9 at Macworld Expo.
• 2:22 iMac available in 400, 500, and 600 MHz versions; fastest models use PowerPC 750Cx
• 3:24 Mac OS X ships
• 5:01 iBook completely redesigned, reaches 500 MHz, prices start at $1,299.
• 7:18 "Quicksilver" Power Mac G4 available with 733, 867, and dual 800 MHz CPUs.
• 7:18 iMac pushes to 700 MHz, CD-RW standard on all models.
More in Macintosh History: 2001
• Pentium 4 pushes speed threshold to 1.4 GHz and beyond, but performance doesn't measure up to clock speed.
• Windows laptops reach 1 GHz mark

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